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What Should Be Medium Of Instructions In Pakistan

 Medium of instruction in Pakistan has been a topic of significant debate and discussion over the years. The country has a diverse linguistic landscape, with over 70 languages spoken throughout the region. When Pakistan gained independence in 1947, Urdu was declared as the national language and the medium of instruction in schools and colleges. However, this decision was met with resistance from provinces like Sindh, Punjab, Balochistan, and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, which have their own regional languages.


Historically, the issue of medium of instruction in Pakistan can be traced back to the colonial era, when the British imposed English as the medium of instruction in schools. This policy was implemented to facilitate communication with the colonial masters and to create a class of educated individuals who could serve the British administration. However, after independence, there was a push to promote Urdu as the national language in order to create a sense of unity and identity among the diverse linguistic groups in the country.

Key figures in the debate over the medium of instruction in Pakistan include scholars, policymakers, and politicians who have different perspectives on the issue. One influential figure is Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, who advocated for Urdu as the national language. He believed that Urdu could serve as a unifying force for the nation and help bridge the gaps between different linguistic groups. However, many critics argue that this decision marginalized the regional languages and created a sense of alienation among speakers of Sindhi, Punjabi, Balochi, and Pashto.

Another key figure in the debate is Ziaul Haq, a former military dictator who introduced policies to promote Arabic and Islamic studies in schools and colleges. This move was aimed at Islamizing the education system and creating a more religiously oriented curriculum. However, critics argue that this policy marginalized other subjects and languages, limiting the intellectual development of students and restricting their access to a wide range of knowledge.

In recent years, there has been a renewed push to promote English as the medium of instruction in schools and colleges in Pakistan. Proponents of this approach argue that English is the language of international communication and commerce, and proficiency in English can enhance the economic opportunities for Pakistani students. Additionally, English is seen as a language of modernity and progress, and proficiency in English is often seen as a sign of a high-quality education.

On the other hand, critics of the English-medium education system argue that it creates a class divide in Pakistani society, with elite private schools offering English-medium instruction and better educational opportunities, while public schools often offer instruction in Urdu or regional languages. This perpetuates inequality and limits the prospects of students from marginalized communities who do not have access to quality English-medium education.

In conclusion, the debate over the medium of instruction in Pakistan is complex and multifaceted, with historical, cultural, and linguistic factors at play. While Urdu, English, and regional languages all have their merits and drawbacks as mediums of instruction, it is essential to consider the needs and aspirations of students from diverse linguistic backgrounds and to create an inclusive education system that promotes equality and social cohesion. Ultimately, the medium of instruction in Pakistan should be chosen based on the principles of equity, inclusivity, and quality education for all.

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